What is the purpose of financial ratios?

• A. They are used to forecast market movements.
• B. To simplify the evaluation of financial strength and progress.
• C. They measure daily cash flows.
• D. They replace the need for budgeting.

Answer: (B)

Financial ratios condense financial data into simple, comparable measures that reveal a company's financial strength and whether it’s improving. They let you assess liquidity, profitability, efficiency, and leverage by putting numbers from the balance sheet and income statement into standard relationships. This makes it easier to judge overall financial health and progress over time or against peers. For instance, liquidity ratios show if the company can meet near-term obligations, profitability ratios indicate how well it turns sales into profit, and leverage ratios reveal long-term solvency risks. The other options miss the broader evaluative aim: forecasting market movements relies on market analysis rather than internal financial signals; measuring daily cash flows focuses on day-to-day cash activity rather than summarized indicators; and budgeting remains a planning tool that ratios help monitor, not replace.